Thursday, March 24, 2016

Environmental Crimes #1: "Scripting the Economics, Science, and Politics of Death”



Martha K. Huggins, Ph.D.
Let’s Write a Play:
"Scripting the Economics, Science, and Politics of Death”

In 1940, my father-in-law, George Findlay Willison, created and edited, Let’s Write a Play (Harper), a compendium of plays written by children attending the Hessian Hills School that he Co-Directed (1929-1935).  A private progressive school located in New York State’s Croton-on-Hudson, designed in the spirit of John Dewey and other progressive educators, was fertile soil for eliciting the best from youthful minds.  In 2016, I am transforming George’s work and his collaborative spirit into a project of ‘interactive journalism’:  Will you cooperate with me in creating a play about the economics, science, and politics of death? 
This article on shallow well injection of potentially deadly chemicals, may not right now, but can over time produce a collaborative play, “Fifteen Lethal Acts of Shame,” about how economics, science, and politics enhance environmental disasters and promote deaths. Besides making Key West a better place, our ‘interactive journalism’ could encourage making news for print and visual media more democratic.  And hey, maybe “Key West Fringe” will be interested in producing our play. 
Scientific and Political Questions
Image result for death
·        Could Key West and Stock Island become dangerously water-polluted like Flint, Michigan—a city now declared a ‘federal disaster area’ for its lead-contaminated water that everyone has been using and paying their water bill for non-use for over  a year now?
·        Could Key West’s and Stock Island’s water end up like “94 water systems across 27 states,”[i] whose water, soil, and air are polluted by “perfluorooctanoic acid”--a chemical product used for hundreds of products, including Teflon, some Scotchguard products, and the foam that extinguishes fires?  DuPont’s version of this deadly chemical, ‘C-8,’ is estimated to be in the blood of 99 percent of all Americans—and it never will completely break down[ii]?
http://www.united-states-flag.com/media/catalog/category/navy_1.jpg 
·        Have our local naval bases[iii] and the adults and children who live and visit  there been contaminated by ground residues from  the “Aqueous film forming [fire fighting] foams (AFFF) that  contain… perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)…or perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS),[iv] The former the chemical substance is what DuPont Chemicals calls C-8?

If a Chemical is Not Found Does it Not Exist?
No such chemicals contamination has been reported at our Southernmost military bases, you say.  That’s very true,  I’ve looked at the annual reports for surrounding areas and there is no mention of what in this article I’ll call FPSs.  But do our Southernmost military bases even get tested by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection or the Navy for these chemicals?  Answer:  The federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) do not require testing—for example, in the Lower Keys shallow or deep water injection wells and the Stock Island landfill--for FPSs.  There is no federal,  state, County, or local government mandate that such testing be done, even though there is now firm evidence--and there has been for some years, including by the very chemical companies producing these dangerous chemicals— that PFS chemicals  enter human and other animals’ bodies through water and land contamination.  Once injected into shallow or deep water wells, the contaminated PFS ‘poop’ and ‘pee’ becomes a secondary source for spreading contamination to other humans, animals, and to plant, land, and marine life.  
 Image result for scales of justice
·        If deadly water and land pollution is found to have resulted from government and corporate actions--such as from lies and cover-ups—and/or from inaction—as in failures to heed experts’ warnings--should Florida’s Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP), the Monroe County Board of County Commissioners (BOCC), Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority (FKAA), and Key West Government be held responsible for environmental and human devastation?
·        Is it sufficient for these entities to claim that ‘there was no federal or state mandate to test for FPSs’?

The Back Story
This week the Key West Citizen reported (1/16/2016) that Judge Cathy Sellers had ruled that “Key West Resort Utilities can use two shallow injection wells to handle…treated effulent[s] on Stock Island…”[v]  Rationale:  It’s cheaper to do that than build a more costly deep and more effective deep-water injection well.  It is common knowledge among engineering and scientific communities that when liquids, such as ‘effluents,’ are injected into shallow injection wells the human waste backs up and spills onto the surrounding environment.  Such back-ups are already common with strong and persistent rains, like the Lower Keys have seen recently--when many who have their own septic tanks see fecal matter and urine spill out.  One hears that this is common after big rains at the Monroe County Jail, when the detention facility’s own effluent well--as one cleaner reports—belches up ‘human waste sewage all over the place.’


When What You Don’t Know Kills You
Sharon Lerner, reporting for The Intercept, points out that  “Until recently, few  people  had heard much about chemicals like C8. One of tens of thousands of unregulated industrial chemicals, perfluorooctanoic acid, or PFOA — also called C8 because of the eight-carbon chain that makes up its chemical backbone — had gone unnoticed for most of its eight or so decades on earth, even as it helped cement the success of one of the world’s largest corporations”—DuPont Chemicals.  Some of the very negative health effects of the C-8 version of  DuPont’s PFS chemical[vi], Lerner’s scientifically validated short list of heal problems includes, ulcerative colitis, high cholesterol, pregnancy-induced hypertension, thyroid disease, testicular and kidney cancer.  The effects of  PFS contamination in humans also includes  high incidence of neonatal deaths, immune system damage, and liver and endocrine system impairment.  Scientists’ findings, “published in more than three dozen peer-reviewed articles, were striking, because the chemical’s effects were so widespread throughout the body and because even very low exposure levels were associated with health effects.”[vii]
C8 is in the blood of 99.7 percent of Americans, according to a 2007 analysis of data from the Centers for Disease Control, as well as in newborn human babies, breast milk, and umbilical cord blood. A growing group of scientists have been tracking the chemical’s spread through the environment, documenting its presence in a wide range of wildlife, including Loggerhead sea turtles, bottlenose dolphins, harbor seals,  polar bears, caribou, walruses, bald eagles, lions, tigers, and arctic birds.[viii]

Knowing that shallow injection wells are contra-indicated as methods for dispatching human effluents, Dr. Henry Briceño, a scientist at Florida International University’s Southeast Environmental Research Center, informed a May 2015 meeting of the Monroe County Board of Commissioners (BOCC) that,  “We know that if we inject water in those shallow wells it will boomerang back to the surface” and pollute what is around the well and beyond. The Nature Conservancy’s Chris Bergh went on to argue at the same meeting, according to the Blue Paper’s  coverage (5/22/15), that “based on these studies the AWT [effluent] is going to come up….There will be an impact on the environment.  [So let’s] go for now with the devil that we do know and…not inject wastewater into these shallow wells.”

But, I’m talking about a devil we don’t  know:  the strong probability of their being  PFS water contamination in our marine water, drinking water, and at the Stock Island landfill. Of course, such pollution will surely increase with shallow wells belching up the effluvium injected in them.  How so?  As a recent Florida State graphic by Taro Gomi remind us: 

We poop and pee,  and these effluents are now officially allowed to be—according to Florida Judge Cathy Sellers’ recent ruling--fast-driven into shallow injection wells which predictably will spill over onto the ground and/or directly into the water ways that house such wells.  And how about the Stock Island landfill being regularly borrowed into by iguanas (the County has hired a business to get rid of them periodically); which allows potentially contaminated leachates[x]-- “any liquid that, in the course of passing through matter, extracts soluble or suspended solids, or any other component”--to flow (especially after landfill-eroding rains) onto the topsoil below. 

What PFS products might have gotten into Stock Island’s landfill?  Forn example, Teflon-coated cookware, 3M’s original Scotchguard, Stainmaster fabric protection, “Gore-Tex and other waterproof clothing; coatings for eye glasses and tennis rackets; stain-proof coatings for carpets and furniture; fire-fighting foam; fast food wrappers; microwave popcorn bags; bicycle lubricants; satellite components; ski wax; communications cables; and pizza boxes.”[xi] 

To put this personally, every time someone’s poop or pee effluent gets propelled out by a shallow water well injection and ends up in surrounding water or soil, or when it rains hard and Stock Island’s landfill leaks from Iguana borrowing into the landfill, our water and soil are compromised-- even if you don’t live on Stock Island  itself. 

Some leachate content apparently is tested at Stock Island by landfill inspectors, but not yet for PFS. Obviously, most of us are not pooping and peeing at Stock Island’s landfill, but  birds and Iguanas and other wild life do poop and pee PFSs on the Landfill, contaminating it in the process.   



PFSs Will Out Live US and Cannot be Eliminated by Chemical Treatment
PFSs are bio resistant and so do not break down of their own accord.  They will still be on the Earth when we are long gone.  And PFS cannot be treated away chemically.  Monroe County and Florida’s Judge Sellers may be insuring that Lower Keys waters and soil make a fast and furious contribution to the enduring presence of PFS contamination in southernmost Florida. 
However, with the EPA maybe about to move toward requiring soil and water testing for PFS, Florida’s Department of Environmental Protection  has published in 2013 a document listing six chemicals found in Florida waters of “emerging concern” to the department.[xii] 
Among these, Sucralose—“non-nutritive sweeteners” that pass “through waste water treatment systems with virtually no degradation, [and are] unaffected by chlorination and tertiary grade treatment”--were given greatest attention, in part as a ‘detector’ for other such chemicals.  At the beginning and end of the FDEP’s list of  ‘emerging’ pollutants in Florida waters, were (#1) Brominated fire  retardants (almost always containing PFS) and  (#6) “Perfluorinated Compounds” (PFS). The former were described by the FDEP as,  Bioaccumulative, endocrine disrupting, toxic, persistent; the latter  was designated, Bioaccumulative, [and] Endocrine disrupting.” 

Well, now we know that as of 2013,  the FDEP formally knew of the severe health consequences of FPS pollution and recognized its presence in Florida waterways.  Still, no evidence of testing for its presence,  however.

Chemicals Kill,  Especially When Collusion Hides Their Lethalness
But this and my next week’s article will show, hopefully along with your insights, that what kills in not merely just the presence of unknown chemicals but especially the potentially criminal acts of  corporate executives, their high-paid in-house lawyers, and the government regulators who often work together with them and who either fail to test forchemicals known to be dangerous  or test for them and then hide test results. 
·        Power and Death.  Would our Monroe County and City officials use their power to deny or even to actively hide water and/or landfill pollution that could  permanently damage the lives of  constituents? 
·        The Play’s the Thing. The known actions of corporate chemical producers and government officials and their agents are the subjects of our play, “Fifteen Lethal Acts of Shame.” 
·        The script for corporate and government officials’ doing these things has been put together and routinely performed for at least 125 years and consistently ignored by those of us who are become victims of  their  well-worn and lethal script. 

So let’s try ‘interactive journalism’ and develop with facts the following script for all to see and hear.  You can share what you know and I will do the same, while  requesting that research and media colleagues participate.












Scripting Environmental Disaster: Flesh Out Each Scene with Examples and Actors
http://www.mindfully.org/Reform/Skull-And-Bones1833-1985.gif
1.      Save Money/Enhance Profits:  Cost-saving/-cutting decisions are made with respect to a potential environmental and human threat.
2.     Government Transparency Claims: ‘The landfill chemicals are monitored annually’; ‘chemical findings are on-line’; ‘government committees have been established to hear complaints’; ‘everything is under control and operating according to law.’
3.     Experts Prevail. Chemical facts understandable only by government insiders or chemical experts.
Stock Island Chemicals: fldeploc.dep.state.fl.us/www_wacs/Reports/SW_Facility_Testsite_Results_Date_res.asp?txtFacility=79636&txtBegin=01%2F01%2F1999&txtEnd=01%2F11%2F2016&cboOutput=B&cmdCheckForm=Submit


4.     Evidence Contrary to Corporation’s and/or Government’s Scripts are Ignored/Stifled. Using cherry-picked “science” or cost-saving promises, backed  by a chemical corporation’s and/or government’s in-house  ‘science’ experts, and the power of these entities to silence alternative “scientific” evidence. 
5.     Citizens on their own Collect Evidence of Environmental Dangers and their Lethal Consequences, with this evidence discredited--until it cannot be…. Lois Gibbs, Love Canal, www.imdb.com/title/tt0084262/; Flint, MI: Mona Hanna-Attisha,  www.democracynow.org/2016/1/15/flint_doctor_mona_hanna_attisha_on
6.     Whistle-blowers, Citizen Activists, and the Free Press warn publics but  their evidence is discredited by the powers that be.  The city’s free press gets wind of the environmental danger and looks into it, with its exposés initially ignored, dismissed, and discredited. 
7.     Truth Discovered and Hidden. Corporate officials learn early—sometimes decades before the public--that their chemical product has lethal consequences, yet they continue to produce and dump it.  Monsanto: http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/2985458/monsanto_knew_all_along_secret_studies_reveal_the_truth_of_roundup_toxicity.html;   DuPont and C-8: http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/10/magazine/the-lawyer-who-became-duponts-worst-nightmare.html

8.     People Are Sick and Dying. Too many people get sick, and too much environmental destruction becomes obvious for a corporation or government to be able to continue asserting that ‘all is well, scientifically.’
          (Asbestos cover-up: http://www.asbestos.com/asbestos/cover-up.php)

9.     Citizen pressure on government intensifies to explain the environmental conditions that are damaging or could be impairing  human and animal health and the environment (See Flint Michigan today)
10.                         Lawsuits are filed by environmentalists and for those sickened by a denied and covered up environmental danger
11.                        Small Bits of  Corporate Money Thrown at Victims to buy off their charges and negative publicity
12.                        A Government Investigative Commission is established to ‘learn the truth.’
13.                         Lawsuits continue with most awardees gaining little from these payouts, even though most of us assume such lawsuits ‘pay off big time.’
14.                        Call for criminal penalties for the corporations and/or government officials involved who knew of the environmental/human problems and covered them up.   Civil penalties are, at most, the norm, with culpable corporations settling and stipulating  ‘no criminal acts have been committed.’ Government officials--covered by ‘Directors’ and Officers’ liability insurance purchased  by taxpayer money—suffer no real financial consequences.
15.                         Remediating Environmental Contamination Ends Up Costing Taxpayers More Than the Original Allegedly too Expensive Fix.   

Stay tuned for Next Week’s posting.  I’ll develop these scenes, hopefully with your examples and mine.  Think:  Johns-Manville (Asbestos cover-up), Monsanto (Agent Orange; RoundUp), Hooker Chemical (Love Canal), Flint, Michigan (Lead in water), DuPont Chemical (C-8 chemical cover-up), and the lower keys shallow well injection legal decision and its possible outcomes.


[i] Nathaniel Rich, “The Lawyer who Became DuPont’s Worst Nightmare” 1/17/2016

[ii] http://theparalegallitigator.com/found-in-the-blood-of-99-7-percent-of-americans-and-it-never-breaks-down/
[iii]Chemicals used on military sites appear to be a major part of the problem. “Water testing done in or near military bases, which isn’t yet complete, has already shown that the chemicals spread into public drinking water systems around Willow Grove, Pease, and a third base — Eielson, in Alaska,” the report said.” See http://www.wateronline.com/doc/military-bases-linked-to-drinking-water-contamination-0001; http://www.13newsnow.com/story/news/military/2016/01/20/fentress-drinking-water-contaminated/79083224/
[v] The Citizen, 1/16/2016. Pp. 1, 10A

[vi] The  bio-persistent chemicals, that are labeled PFSs in this article, include “perfluorooctanoic acid,” known by DuPont Chemicals  as ‘C-8’ and also labeled “PFOA” (perfluorooctanoic acid),  as well as the “PFOS” chemicals (perfluorooctane sulfonate).   

[viii] Ibid, reference ‘vii’

[ix] FDEP Pilot Study on the Occurrence of Emerging Substances of Concern (ESOCs) in Florida’s Flowing Waters,” https://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/bioassess/docs/bcpost/2013/ESOC-Presentation-Oct2013.pdf

[x]A leachate is any liquid that, in the course of passing through matter, extracts soluble or suspended solids, or any other component of the material through which it has passed. 

[xi] Ibid, reference ‘vii’

[xii] Ibid, reference ix


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